http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/DOLCE-Lite#endurant
The main characteristic of endurants is that all of them are independent essential wholes. This does not mean that the corresponding property (being an endurant) carries proper unity, since there is no common unity criterion for endurants. Endurants can 'genuinely' change in time, in the sense that the very same endurant as a whole can have incompatible properties at different times. To see this, suppose that an endurant - say 'this paper' - has a property at a time t 'it's white', and a different, incompatible property at time t' 'it's yellow': in both cases we refer to the whole object, without picking up any particular part of it. Within endurants, we distinguish between physical and non-physical endurants, according to whether they have direct spatial qualities. Within physical endurants, we distinguish between amounts of matter, objects, and features.
Instances of dol:endurant can have the following properties:
| PROPERTY | TYPE | DESCRIPTION | RANGE |
|---|---|---|---|
| From class dol:endurant | |||
| dol:life | owl:FunctionalProperty | Total constant participation applied to the mereological sum of the perdurants in which an endurant participates. | dol:perdurant |
| dol:constant-participant-in | owl:ObjectProperty | dol:perdurant | |
| dol:mereologically-coincides | owl:ObjectProperty | Having the same parts at time t. | dol:endurant |
| dol:participant-in | owl:ObjectProperty | dol:perdurant | |
| dol:temporary-atomic-part | owl:ObjectProperty | Having an atom as part at a time t. | dol:endurant |
| dol:temporary-atomic-part-of | owl:ObjectProperty | dol:endurant | |
| dol:temporary-part | owl:ObjectProperty | Being part at time t. It holds for endurants only. This is important to model parts that can change or be lost over time without affecting the identity of the whole. In FOL, this is expressed as a ternary relation, but in DLs we only can reason with binary relations, then only the necessary axiom of compresence is represented here. | dol:endurant |
| dol:temporary-part-of | owl:ObjectProperty | dol:endurant | |
| dol:temporary-participant-in | owl:ObjectProperty | x participates in some of y's parts. | dol:perdurant |
| dol:temporary-proper-part | owl:ObjectProperty | Being proper part at time t. It holds for endurants only. This is important to model proper parts that can change or be lost over time without affecting the identity of the whole. | dol:endurant |
| dol:temporary-proper-part-of | owl:ObjectProperty | dol:endurant | |
| dol:total-constant-participant-in | owl:ObjectProperty | dol:perdurant | |
| dol:total-temporary-participant-in | owl:ObjectProperty | dol:perdurant | |
@prefix dol: <http://www.loa-cnr.it/ontologies/DOLCE-Lite#> .
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
dol:endurant a owl:Class ;
rdfs:comment "The main characteristic of endurants is that all of them are independent essential wholes. This does not mean that the corresponding property (being an endurant) carries proper unity, since there is no common unity criterion for endurants. Endurants can 'genuinely' change in time, in the sense that the very same endurant as a whole can have incompatible properties at different times. To see this, suppose that an endurant - say 'this paper' - has a property at a time t 'it's white', and a different, incompatible property at time t' 'it's yellow': in both cases we refer to the whole object, without picking up any particular part of it. Within endurants, we distinguish between physical and non-physical endurants, according to whether they have direct spatial qualities. Within physical endurants, we distinguish between amounts of matter, objects, and features."^^xsd:string ;
rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
owl:allValuesFrom dol:endurant ;
owl:onProperty dol:specific-constant-constituent ],
[ a owl:Restriction ;
owl:allValuesFrom dol:endurant ;
owl:onProperty dol:part ],
[ a owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty dol:participant-in ;
owl:someValuesFrom dol:perdurant ],
dol:spatio-temporal-particular ;
owl:disjointWith dol:abstract,
dol:perdurant,
dol:quality .