http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Lexicon
In its most general sense, the term is synonymous with vocabulary. A dictionary can be seen as a set of lexical entries. The lexicon has a special status in generative grammar, where it refers to the component containing all the information about the structural properties of the lexical items in a language. [Crystal 2008: 278] In linguistics, ... we don't normally speak of the vocabulary of a particular language; instead, we speak of the lexicon, the total store of words available to a speaker. Very commonly, the lexicon is not regarded merely as a long list of words. Rather, we conceive the lexicon as a set of lexical resources, including the morphemes of the languages, plus the processes available in the language for constructing words from those resources. Apart from the lexicon of a language as a whole, psycholinguists are interested in the mental lexicon, the words and lexical resources stored in an individual brain. [Trask 1999: 166-167]
Instances of gold:Lexicon can have the following properties:
| PROPERTY | TYPE | DESCRIPTION | RANGE |
|---|---|---|---|
| From class gold:Lexicon | |||
| gold:hasLexicalItem | owl:ObjectProperty | The relation between a Lexicon and its contents, instances of LexicalItem. NOTE: this could probably be replaced by the memberOf relation from set theory. | gold:LexicalItem |
| From class gold:LinguisticDataStructure | |||
| gold:dataStructureRelation | owl:ObjectProperty | This subsumes all structuring relations used for LinguisticDataStructures. As a naming convention to distinguish relations in data structure from other relations, all names of dataStructuringRelations begin with 'has-'. | owl:Thing |
| From class owl:Thing | |||
| bibliography:hasCitation | owl:ObjectProperty | owl:Thing | |
| bibliography:hasEntry | owl:ObjectProperty | owl:Thing | |
| bibliography:hasPageInformation | owl:DatatypeProperty | owl:Thing | |
| gold:abbreviation | owl:DatatypeProperty | The abbreviated form representing a scientific term, e.g., ACC, 2, CL. | owl:Thing |
| gold:adjunct | owl:ObjectProperty | owl:Thing | |
| gold:agent | owl:ObjectProperty | owl:Thing | |
| gold:agrees | owl:ObjectProperty | A relation holding between syntactic units, often manifesting itself in shared form features. NOTE: this could be better defined once syntactic roles and relations are developed. | owl:Thing |
| gold:allomorph | owl:ObjectProperty | The relation that holds between a morpheme and one of its morphs, an occurrence of a morpheme in context. | owl:Thing |
| gold:allophone | owl:ObjectProperty | The relation that holds between a phoneme and one of its phones, an occurrence of a phoneme in context. | owl:Thing |
| gold:antonym | owl:ObjectProperty | antonym | owl:Thing |
| gold:argument | owl:ObjectProperty | The syntactic entity about which something is predicated. | gold:Clause |
| gold:circumscribes | owl:ObjectProperty | NOTE: still lacks development. This relation holds between two form units and represents the notion of circumscription in a morphosyntactic system. That is, (circumscribes A B) means that part of A comes before B and part of A comes after B, in the linearization of the units of a language. | owl:Thing |
| gold:coda | owl:ObjectProperty | The closing segment of a syllable. | owl:Thing |
| gold:complement | owl:ObjectProperty | owl:Thing | |
| gold:directObject | owl:ObjectProperty | A direct object is a grammatical relation that exhibits a combination of certain independent syntactic properties, such as the following: the usual grammatical characteristics of the patient of typically transitive verbs; particular case marking; a particular clause position; the conditioning of an agreement affix on the verb; the capability of becoming the clause subject in passivization; the capability of reflexivization. The identification of the direct object relation may be further confirmed by finding significant overlap with similar direct object relations previously established in other languages. This may be done by analyzing correspondence between translation equivalents [Crystal 1985, 94; Hartmann and Stork 1972, 155; Comrie 1989, 66; Andrews 1985, 68,120,126; Comrie 1985, 337]. | owl:Thing |
| gold:entailedBy | owl:ObjectProperty | owl:Thing | |
| gold:entails | owl:ObjectProperty | owl:Thing | |
| gold:feature | owl:ObjectProperty | The relation between a linguistic unit and a linguistic feature. A feature inheres in its host. NOTE: this relation is distinct from the hasFeature which pertains to data structures. | gold:LinguisticProperty |
| gold:follows | owl:ObjectProperty | This relation holds between two linguistic units and represents the inverse of 'precedes'. That is, (follows A B) means that A comes after B in the linearization of the realization of linguistic signs. The inverse of this relation is 'precedes'. | owl:Thing |
| gold:freeTranslation | owl:ObjectProperty | The relation between an orthographic expression in one language and some orthographic expression in another such that both expressions have exactly the same meaning. The words in the translation may not correspond to the those in the source expression. | owl:Thing |
| gold:goal | owl:ObjectProperty | owl:Thing | |
| gold:hasExample | owl:DatatypeProperty | owl:Thing | |
| gold:hasGlosses | owl:ObjectProperty | The binary relation holding between an instance of interlinear glossed text (IGT) and a sequence of labels or 'grams' used to describe the morphemes of the IGT. | owl:Thing |
| gold:hasSourceLine | owl:ObjectProperty | The binary relation holding between an instance of interlinear glossed text and a linguistic unit (clause, phrase, etc.) from the source language. | owl:Thing |
| gold:hasTranslationLine | owl:ObjectProperty | The binary relation holding between an instance of interlinear glossed text and a linguistic unit (clause, phrase, etc.) acting as a free translation of the source text from the IGT instance. | owl:Thing |
| gold:head | owl:ObjectProperty | gold:Phrase | |
| gold:hypernym | owl:ObjectProperty | hypernym | owl:Thing |
| gold:indirectObject | owl:ObjectProperty | owl:Thing | |
| gold:infixedIn | owl:ObjectProperty | infixedIn is the relation between a Lexical- or SublexicalUnit and a Root. The Root is realized as discontinuous, surrounding the inserted Lexical- or SublexicalUnit [Hartmann and Stork 1972, 111]. | owl:Thing |
| gold:labels | owl:ObjectProperty | This relation names or simply associates some SymbolicString with any Entity. | owl:Thing |
| gold:lexicalRelation | owl:ObjectProperty | This is the superclass of common lexical relatations such as synonym, antonym, etc. NOTE: this needs work. Such relations really pertain to meaning and not form units. | owl:Thing |
| gold:literalTranslation | owl:ObjectProperty | The relation between an orthographic expression in one language and some orthographic expression in another such that the translation is done on a word by word, or morpheme by morpheme, basis without regard for idiomatic usage. | owl:Thing |
| gold:meronym | owl:ObjectProperty | meronym | owl:Thing |
| gold:nucleus | owl:ObjectProperty | The central segment of a syllable. | owl:Thing |
| gold:object | owl:ObjectProperty | An object, traditionally defined, is either a direct object or an indirect object.An object, in some usages, is any grammatical relation other than subject [Crystal 1985, 211; Hartmann and Stork 1972, 155-156; Comrie 1989, 66]. | owl:Thing |
| gold:onset | owl:ObjectProperty | The initial segment of a syllable. | owl:Thing |
| gold:orthographicRep | owl:DatatypeProperty | owl:Thing | |
| gold:patient | owl:ObjectProperty | A semantic role, often unmarked, that typically does not act with volition, instigate an event, receive something, or experience a sensory impression. A prototypical patient undergoes a physical, visible change in state. Often the subject of a intransitive verb or the logical complement of a transitive verb. [Payne 1997: 50-51; Pei | owl:Thing |
| gold:phonemicRep | owl:DatatypeProperty | owl:Thing | |
| gold:phoneticRep | owl:DatatypeProperty | owl:Thing | |
| gold:precedes | owl:ObjectProperty | This relation holds between two linguistic units and represents the notion of precedence in a language. That is, (precedes A B) means that A comes before B in the linearization of the realization of linguistic signs. This inverse of this relation is 'follows'. | owl:Thing |
| gold:predicate | owl:ObjectProperty | The predicate is the relation between the Clause and a portion of a clause, excluding the subject, that expresses something about the subject [Crystal 1980, 280; Hartmann and Stork 1972, 182; Pei and Gaynor 1954, 173; Pike and Pike 1982, 40; Crystal 1985, 241-242]. | gold:Clause |
| gold:prefix | owl:ObjectProperty | The relation between a morphological unit and the lexical unit to which it is attached. The LexicalUnit is usually a Root or Stem. The inverse of prefix is suffix [Crystal 1980, 281; Hartmann and Stork 1972, 182]. | owl:Thing |
| gold:rhyme | owl:ObjectProperty | The core of a syllable, consisting of a nucleus and coda. | owl:Thing |
| gold:semanticRole | owl:ObjectProperty | owl:Thing | |
| gold:specifier | owl:ObjectProperty | owl:Thing | |
| gold:subject | owl:ObjectProperty | owl:Thing | |
| gold:suffix | owl:ObjectProperty | The relation between a morphological unit and the lexical unit to which it is attached. The LexicalUnit is usually a Root or Stem. The inverse of suffix is 'prefix' [Crystal 1980, 340; Hartmann and Stork 1972, 226]. | owl:Thing |
| gold:synonym | owl:ObjectProperty | synonym | owl:Thing |
| gold:syntacticRole | owl:ObjectProperty | A general category subsuming relations relevant at the level of the Clause, such as predicate and subject. A grammatical relation is a role of a phrase or complement clause that determines syntactic behaviors such as the following: word position in a clause; verb agreement; participation and behavior in such operations as passivization [Comrie 1989, 65-66; Andrews 1985, 66]. | owl:Thing |
| gold:translation | owl:ObjectProperty | The relation between an orthographic expression in one language and some orthographic expression in another such that both expressions have the same or roughly the same meaning. | owl:Thing |
@prefix gold: <http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/> .
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
gold:Lexicon a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Lexicon"@eng ;
rdfs:comment "In its most general sense, the term is synonymous with vocabulary. A dictionary can be seen as a set of lexical entries. The lexicon has a special status in generative grammar, where it refers to the component containing all the information about the structural properties of the lexical items in a language. [Crystal 2008: 278] In linguistics, ... we don't normally speak of the vocabulary of a particular language; instead, we speak of the lexicon, the total store of words available to a speaker. Very commonly, the lexicon is not regarded merely as a long list of words. Rather, we conceive the lexicon as a set of lexical resources, including the morphemes of the languages, plus the processes available in the language for constructing words from those resources. Apart from the lexicon of a language as a whole, psycholinguists are interested in the mental lexicon, the words and lexical resources stored in an individual brain. [Trask 1999: 166-167]"@eng ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy "http://purl.org/linguistics/gold"^^xsd:anyURI ;
rdfs:subClassOf gold:LinguisticDataStructure .